Reaction Intermediate

Reaction Intermediate:

In,  organic chemistry there are four types of reaction intermediates that are formed during the reaction. These are formed due to bond fission. There can be Homolytic or heterolytic fission to form intermediates as discussed below

Carbon-free radical:

This is formed by homolytic fission on the bond. The homolytic fission of bond forms four types of the classical intermediate they are methyl carbon free radical, primary carbon-free radical, secondary carbon free radical, and tertiary carbon free radical. They are as shown below

Criteria of stability:

Stability of Carbon-free radical  ∝  Resonance

                                                          ∝ Electron releasing groups

Order of Stability:

Carbonium ion or Carbocation:

This is formed by a heterolytic fission bond. The heterolytic fission of bond forms four types of the classical intermediate they are methyl carbocation, primary carbocation, secondary carbocation, and tertiary carbocation. The other type of carbonation is nonclassical carbocation. They are as shown below

Criteria of stability:

Stability of Carbocation  ∝  Resonance

                                              ∝  Electron releasing groups

Order of Stability:

Carbanion ion:

This is formed by heterolytic fission on the carbon-carbon bond. The heterolytic fission of bond forms four types of the classical intermediate they are methyl carbanion, primary carbanion, secondary carbanion, and tertiary carbanion. The other type of carbanion is nonclassical carbocation. They are as shown below

 

Criteria of stability:

Stability of carbanion  ∝  Resonance

                                        ∝  Electron releasing groups

Order of Stability:

 

Carbene:

This is formed by heterolytic or hemolytic fission on the bond. The heterolytic fission of bond forms two types of the intermediate they are singlet carbene and triplet carbene.  They are as shown below

 

Criteria of stability:

Stability of carbanion  ∝  Resonance

                                        ∝  Electron releasing groups

Order of Stability:

 

 

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