In PCl5 Phosphorous is a central atom and the ground state electronic
configuration
As Principal quantum number (n) of valance shell is equal to
3 thus allowed values of azimuthal quantum number (l) are 0,1 2 this can be
interpreted as s-orbital, p-orbital and d-orbital. The d-orbital is not filled as per aufbau rule
d-orbital is empty so thus exited state electronic configuration
of phosphorous can be written as
the orbital used in the hybridisation are
and the shape of the molecule is trigonal bi-pyramidal
There are three equatorial chlorine atoms and two axial
chlorine atoms.
There are lone pair of electrons on the chlorine atoms, So chlorine atoms repel there adjacent atoms. The repulsion on equatorial
atoms is cancelled off but repulsions on axial chlorine atoms is considerable
and doesn't get cancelled off thus bond length of axial chlorine atoms is more
than equatorial chlorine atoms
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